Trading is buying and selling financial assets — currencies, shares, commodities — to profit from changes in their price. Buy low and sell higher, or sell high and buy back lower, and the difference is your gain (or loss). This guide explains, in plain English, how trading works, what you can trade, how it differs from investing, and how to start.
What is trading?
Trading is the act of buying and selling financial instruments to profit from price movements. A trader doesn’t need to own a business or hold an asset for years — they aim to profit from the price moving, over minutes, days, or weeks.
Every trade has two sides: you open a position (buy or sell) and later close it. If the price moves your way between those two points, you profit; if it moves against you, you lose. That simple mechanic underlies every market in the world.
Trading vs investing
People mix these up, but they’re different:
| Trading | Investing | |
|---|---|---|
| Time horizon | Minutes to weeks | Years |
| Goal | Profit from price swings | Grow wealth slowly |
| Direction | Long or short | Mostly long (buy & hold) |
| Style | Active, frequent | Passive, patient |
| Typical instruments | Forex, CFDs, stocks | Shares, index funds |
- Investing is long-term. You buy assets — usually shares or funds — to hold for years, aiming to grow wealth slowly through appreciation and dividends.
- Trading is shorter-term and more active. You aim to profit from price swings over a much shorter horizon, and you can profit from prices falling as well as rising.
Investing is a marathon; trading is a series of sprints. Neither is “better” — they’re different tools.
What can you trade?
You can trade almost any liquid market. The main ones:
- Forex — currency pairs like EUR/USD, GBP/USD, and USD/JPY; the largest, most liquid market.
- Stocks — shares of individual companies such as Apple or Tesla.
- Indices — baskets of stocks, like the S&P 500, Nasdaq 100, or FTSE 100.
- Commodities — gold, silver, oil, and other raw materials.
- Futures — standardized contracts to buy or sell an asset at a set price and date.
Many of these can be traded as CFDs, which let you go long or short with leverage — explained in our CFD trading guide.
How does trading work?
Three ideas cover most of it:
- Going long or short. Buy (go long) if you expect the price to rise; sell (go short) if you expect it to fall. Being able to profit both ways is a key difference from simple investing.
- The spread. The small gap between the buy and sell price is your main cost on each trade.
- Leverage. Many markets let a small deposit control a larger position. It magnifies gains and losses, so it must be handled carefully.
Say you buy a share at $100 and sell at $110 — you make $10 per share, minus costs. Sell first at $110 and buy back at $100, and you make the same $10 on the way down.
What does trading cost?
Every trade has costs, and they decide how much of your profit you keep:
- The spread — the gap between the buy and sell price, often a fraction of a percent on a liquid market like EUR/USD and wider on thin ones. On a $10,000 position, a 0.1% spread costs about $10 to open.
- Commission — some markets, especially share CFDs, add a fee of around 0.1% of the trade on top of the spread.
- Overnight financing — leveraged positions held overnight carry a small daily charge.
Costs are small per trade but add up fast if you trade often — one reason over-trading quietly erodes returns.
The main trading styles
Traders differ by how long they hold a position:
- Day trading — positions opened and closed the same day. See day trading for beginners.
- Swing trading — held for days to weeks.
- Position trading — held for weeks to months.
- Scalping — dozens of tiny trades held for seconds or minutes.
The risks — and how to start
Trading can be profitable, but most beginners lose money at first. Prices are unpredictable, leverage amplifies losses, and emotion drives bad decisions. The traders who last manage risk relentlessly: small size, a stop-loss on every trade, and a tested plan.
To start: learn the basics, practice on a demo account, then trade small with real money. Tradeview Markets offers demo and live trading on the MetaTrader and cTrader platforms, and our how to start trading guide walks through every step.
Be clear-eyed: trading is high-risk. You can lose money, including more than you deposit when using leverage. Only trade money you can afford to lose.
Frequently asked questions
What is trading in simple terms?
Buying and selling assets to profit from price changes. You buy expecting a rise (or sell expecting a fall) and close the position later for a gain or a loss.
Is trading the same as gambling?
No — though it can become gambling without discipline. Skilled trading relies on a tested edge and strict risk management, not luck. Trading on impulse, with no plan, is closer to gambling.
How much money do I need to start trading?
Less than most people think — many brokers let you start small, and demo accounts are free. What matters is risking only what you can afford to lose and starting with tiny position sizes.
Can you make a living trading?
A minority do, after years of practice and discipline. Most people who try do not. Treat it as a skill to build slowly, not a quick income.
What is the easiest market for beginners?
Many start with forex (especially EUR/USD) for its liquidity and low costs, or with major stocks for their familiarity. The best choice is one market you focus on and learn deeply.
Sources
- Barber, B. M., & Odean, T. (2000). Trading Is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors. The Journal of Finance, 55(2), 773–806. doi.org
- Bank for International Settlements (2025). Triennial Central Bank Survey — OTC foreign exchange turnover in April 2025. Global FX turnover reached $9.6 trillion per day. bis.org
Risk warning. Trading Forex and CFDs carries a high level of risk and may not be suitable for all investors. Leverage can work against you as well as for you. This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial advice. Only trade money you can afford to lose.